Character Fromatting

Assignment 4 - CIS89a

In this assignment, we are to create a Web page ( this here page ) that demonstrates our knowledge of different kinds of lists and character formatting tags used in HTML. Because it is an exercise, it may seem alittle odd, but then, I like odd. You may want to have a look at the lecture notes or the actual assignment.


[ Header Formats ] [ Logical Styles ] [ Physical Styles ] [ Special Characters ]

Header Formats

This is a demonstation of all of the different types of headers used in HTML. The heading of this section is a level 1 header. Here are the rest, including a level 7 header, which doesn't really exist :

This is a sample of a level 2 header

This is a sample of a level 3 header

This is a sample of a level 4 header

This is a sample of a level 5 header
This is a sample of a level 6 header
This is a sample of a level 7 header

Nice, huh? Notice that since there is no such thing as a level 7 header, it appears in the default size used for the rest of the page.


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Logical Styles

The following is a list of Logical styles used in HTML including a demonstration of each. The styles appear in an ordered list numbered with arabic numerals.

  1. Address tag : <ADDRESS> ... </ADDRESS>

    This is a tag used for address data, such as e-mail or a Web page reference. The text usually appears in italics.


  2. Blockquote tag : <BLOCKQUOTE> ... </BLOCKQUOTE>

    This is a tag used for a long quotation. It is intended to set the quotation off from the rest of the page by indenting it from the left and right margines. You will notice how this section is formatted.


  3. Cite tag : <CITE> ... </CITE>

    This is a tag used for a citation, such as bibliographical reference. This text also is usually shown in italics.

  4. Code tag : <CODE> ... </CODE>

    This is a tag used for computer code examples. It shows the text in monofont, like this :

       int main ( void )
          {
           printf ( "Hello World!" ) ;
           return 0 ;
          }

    It still requires the line break tag to show separate lines and some other tricks to show indentation.

  5. Emphasis tag : <EM> ... </EM>

    This is a tag used for emphasized text. Such text is usually shown in italics.

  6. Preformat tag : <PRE> ... </PRE>

    This is a 
                      tag used for 
                                   preformatted text. It also shows
            the text in 
                        monofont, but preserves the 
                                                    spaces and line feeds,
            making it much easier to 
                                     do this kind of thing.


  7. Strong tag : <STRONG> ... </STRONG>

    This is a tag used for strongly emphasized text. It usually presents the text in bold font.

  8. Teletype tag : <TT> ... </TT>

    This is a tag used for teletype. It also shows the text in monofont.

  9. Variable tag : <VAR> ... </VAR>

    This is a tag used for an emphasis tag inside the code or preformatted text tags. VAR is short for variable - the names of variables are often emphasized in code examples. The text is often shown in italics.


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Physical Styles

The following is a list of Physical styles used in HTML. A demonstration of each is given on the line following the list entry. The list is an ordered list that uses upper case labels for the items.

  1. Bold tag : <B> ... </B>

    This tag is used to make text appear bold, like this.

  2. Big tag : <BIG> ... </BIG>

    This is an interesting tag. After each use, it ingreases the size of the text up to the maximum size of 7.

  3. Small tag : <SMALL> ... </SMALL;gt;

    This tag is like the 'BIG' tag, except it makes the text get smaller and smaller down to the minimum size of 1.

  4. Blink tag : <BLINK> ... </BLINK>

    You guessed it...

  5. Italic tag : <I> ... </I>

    Italics were invented by the Italians. Who'da thunk it...

  6. Strike tag : <S> ... </S> -or- <STRIKE> ... </STRIKE>

    This tag is used to strike-through text.

  7. Subscript tag : <SUB> ... </SUB>

    This tag is used for subscripts

  8. Superscript tag : <SUP> ... </SUP>

    This tag is used for superscripts

  9. Underlined tag : <U> ... </U>

    This tag is used to underline text.

Note that logical styles are often prefered over Physical styles because logical styles leave the rendering of the text up to the browser. Many people still use Physical styles, however, because of the explicit control over the output.


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Special Characters

Because HTML uses certain characters to format text and to convey meaning to the browser, it is often necessary to use special characters to display these characters in a Web page. They can also be useful for displaying certain characters that are not included on most keyboards. These special characters can always be denoted with their numeric values, and sometimes be specified by certain strings. I've shown both in the following unordered list of such special characters :


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Last Update: June 13, 1999